Book Review - Burning with Love for God

Paul C. DeCelles and M.F. Sparrow's guide to the spiritual exercises of St. Ignatius, Burning With Love for God, provides rich insight into the ways of God and the spiritual dimensions of love, decisions, and relationships.  Ignatius' original plan was to challenge a new believer in Christ to make a 30-day retreat to discern his calling and state in life, and specifically whether he was called by God to join the order. The framework and methods can be adapted to any believer at any stage of faith, and in any circumstance of life. The primary objective can be seen as empowering the individual, by encouraging a love-relationship with Christ, to be freed from both the bondage of sin and inordinate attachments, so that they can make decisions together with a single will.

Detailed advice addresses many different aspects of the Ignatian retreat; some have been the subject of entire books on their own. The integrated impact of all of these dimensions is intended to produce a fundamental change in the individual's life, even if not choosing to become a Jesuit. After thirty days, a person will have formed the habit of turning to Jesus and discussing with Him as a friend every situation, every decision. Sadly, in modern times, few can spend this much time in seclusion. Hence, each individual believer desiring such a lifestyle must adapt these time-proven principles to their own situation.

Three types of love - implemental, semi-personal, and personal - span the range of how people love God. Some love Him for what He does for them, such as saving, forgiving, protecting and providing for them. Some love Him because of His divine attributes, for example, His perfect love, His unblemished holiness, the beauty of His glory. The meditations' goal is to inspire in us love of God based on who we have found Him to be through personal relationship. The meditations' essence is dedicated contemplation of one of the gospel stories about Jesus, bringing them to life through visualization in our mind's eye of the scene, surroundings, actions, and words of all of the participants. The emotional impact of these visualization opens the door to an affective response to the words and actions of Christ. A colloquy establishes the habit of speaking to the Lord as a friend and hearing His voice. And thus, a personal relationship with Him is built.

The traditional religious paradigm is: God commands, we obey. This is so ingrained into our lives and church culture that to suggest the following is usually viewed as heresy. Just as a child grows from obeying his parents to an adulthood of marriage and making decisions jointly with his or her spouse, so God wants us to grow from merely obeying His commands to jointly making decisions with Him. This is not simply 'my will is to do His will', nor 'His will becomes my will', and certainly not 'I can persuade Him to do my will', but that that through the relationship, we have a joint, merged, indivisible will, because our desires are inextricably fused.

Since this ideal is rarely achieved, the authors explain three decision paradigms. A first-time decision is the direct, unmistakable word of God to our own heart and mind, without prior interaction, of His will for us. We know for certain the first time He speaks, and we make the decision. A second-time decision is based on a series of consolations and desolations, considering how the Lord is speaking to our spirit about the different aspects of a decision, and weighing them until we get a clear sense. A third-time decision is based on a rational assessment of the pros and cons of various courses of action, considered in the light of God's word and the advice of Godly counsellors. None of these models is superior, as God decides which path of decision-making He will lead us.

Other books have expounded on the Ignatian approach to the discernment of spirits. Every believer needs to test the spirits (1 John 4:1) and every believer experiences spiritual consolation and desolations. Ignatius' agere contra strategy is not the only tool for spiritual warfare, but it is effective. Try it out (reviewer's example) - every time a driver tailgates or cuts you off, pray fervently for his salvation. He likely won't start driving like an angel, but you have put a stake in the ground that Satan does not like. A much more challenging discernment is of false consolation that may confuse us, as the devil can masquerade as an angel of light. (2 Cor. 11:14) This remains one of the most difficult discernments in the Christian life, as even Ignatius wrestled with it in the well-known story of seeking the Lord's will on the exact nature of the vow of poverty that Jesuits were to live.

The bottom line is that every Christian is called to love as God loves, and we ought to strive to.

The Voyage of Life - Thomas Cole

Thomas Cole's four panel sequence, The Voyage of Life, challenges us more today than when painted in 1842.  Its timeless symbolism offers a graphic visualization of the spiritual dimension of situations and choices of life and the outcomes of decisions we make along the way.

Childhood is full of opportunity and promise. The sheltering of young children challenges caregivers to go beyond providing for and protecting their charges. Angels represent our duty to nurture children in the ways and principles of God's kingdom. Is it a stretch to read into the floral beauty on the riverbanks a reference to Eden and therein the presence of God walking with man in the cool of the morning? The challenge to caregivers is to build a relationship between children and God that is so normal that they take it as a given throughout life.

During youth - adolescence and young adulthood - individuals begin to make their own choices:  decisions about their goals, values, and lifestyle. Cole suggests that youth are drawn to a grand vision of earthy empire such as a distant castle or city in the sky. About the youth's immediate surroundings he wrote, "The scenery of the picture—its clear stream, its lofty trees, its towering mountains, its unbounded distance, and transparent atmosphere—figure forth the romantic beauty of youthful imaginings, when the mind elevates the Mean and Common into the Magnificent, before experience teaches what is the Real." But there is more than dreams versus reality in play here. Although angels are still carved on the boat (to represent the form of religion), the guardian angel has disembarked and the young man steers the helm toward the worldly vision.

How can we challenge youth with the reality that there are more important things in life than pursuing what the world offers? Many never even consider that there is an alternative. Doing things that really matter as a teen or young adult is far superior to reconsidering basic choices at a mid-life crisis. Books, such as Do Hard Things (by the Harris brothers), can challenge teens. Retreats encourage young people to make life choices that count in the long term. When young people catch a vision of things eternal, and choose to do great things to build the Kingdom of God with energy, they set a course for their lives. Sadly, Cole shows a youth headed for the world.

Manhood shows reality: Dire trials over which we have no control (the tiller is gone from the boat, the man is praying). Choices made earlier have led this sailor downriver to the rapids of life in a damaged ship. The guardian angel watches from a distant perch while three malevolent powers are much closer (the greenish triangle in the storm clouds symbolizes vices or worse). An alternative metaphor might be that the greatest victories are won in the hardest fought battles. Man at his peak of power decides the fate of his soul, if he has gone down this river. His soul may be changed by the revelation of the forces behind the worldly things he sought, and rejection of them. Or he may be broken by the shattering of his dreams. (Think of Mr. Banks in Mary Poppins.) The challenge is to recognize God behind it all, and respond to Him rather than circumstances. Manhood, mid-life, is the time for the unveiling of the forces behind the world system. If we did not turn to God in youth, God in his infinite mercy and love makes another attempt to gain our allegiance in manhood.

Old age brings the end game. Cole wrote, "The chains of corporeal existence are falling away; and already the mind has glimpses of Immortal Life." The guardian angel is close, while other angels approach. All that is left on earth is barren rock and a battered boat. What does 'finishing well' mean? In the period before death God intervenes a final time to get us to grow more into His image and likeness. Why do so many endure pain and helplessness in extended terminal illness? Perhaps when in pain we turn to Christ with fervor, resulting in an extended season of intimacy with Him. Our character continues to be shaped up to the time of death, so God has one final season for us. For many, God brings crises before terminal illness sets in. We finish well if we pass these tests, but even if we fail, God is refining our soul.

The common theme in this voyage is whether and how we respond to God's challenges. Will we work for Him to do things that matter for eternity, for building His kingdom, in a world that opposes and tries to lure us away from that course? How will we respond to His challenge to live like Jesus, in the sense of doing the Father's will? Guardian angels are part of God's economy, but it is our decisions throughout life that count for eternity.

The original paintings are at the National Gallery of Art.

Holy week and Easter

The events of passion week and following Christ's resurrection vividly illustrate the stark contrast between the ways of the world and the kingdom of God.

The four gospels record different aspects of the conspiracy, arrest, trial, and crucifixion of Jesus. The political intrigue, the suborning of Judas' betrayal, arrest of Jesus, show trials, and collusion between the priests and the Roman governor are all simply demonstrations of how the world-system governs. It is ironic that the priests had the Law of Moses, the law as ordained by angels (Gal 3:19), but bought into the ways of the world, and so opened the door to the ruler of this world. God did not simply allow this to happen as a means to accomplish redemption. He used it as a demonstration of the utter antipathy between His kingdom and the world. This was the inevitable outcome of the confrontation of the world-system by God Himself.

The manner in which Jesus revealed Himself following His resurrection demonstrates the completely opposite nature of the ways of God. We might think that God's power manifested in raising Jesus from the dead was like a volcanic eruption, perhaps akin to Mount St. Helens or Krakatoa. But when Jesus rose, He quietly left the tomb, and angels rolled away the stone so the disciples could get in to see that He was not there. When Mary Magdalene came to the garden, He spoke quietly to her but she did not recognize Him until He spoke her name. (John 20:14-17) The disciples on the Emmaus road likewise talked with Him at length without their recognizing Him or His deity.  (Luke 24:13-31) Although Jesus subsequently revealed Himself to as many as five hundred at one time (1 Corinthians 15:6) the only work of power that is recorded is His ascension. God did not manifest His power until Pentecost. Even in the days of Elijah, God was not in the great wind, earthquake, or fire, but spoke to the prophet in a gentle blowing. (1 Kings 19:11-13)

When we consider the power shown in creating the universe ex nihlo, and setting into place the universal principle of causality, our minds are unable to grasp how God can be outside and not subject to the law of cause and effect. He says, "I am that I am." His very essence is perfect holiness and perfect love. Yet in showing Himself to us He seems almost shy, deferential, and definitely low key. Power politics, governance, and society, no matter how noble or well-intentioned, cannot escape the need to show off and bluster.  At their heart, they are insecure in exercising position as unworthy usurpers. God needs no such displays and so does not coerce or even overwhelm. He woos; He pleads; He speaks softly and gently. Would that we hear His voice and respond, tuning out the din of the world-system and rejecting its ways.

The Missing Foundations of Foreign Policy

Does our foreign policy reflect the tenet that a nation's governance rests on the foundation of its society? In a democracy, the consent of the governed results from the choices made by voters based on their values and participation. Authoritarian regimes rule because they control and usually intimidate their subjects, overlaid on a variety of social dysfunctions. In the West, we highly value democracy as an end in itself, and promote its adoption in other nations. 'Benevolent dictatorships' usually aren't. Egomaniacal dictators tend to destabilize international relations.

Unfortunately, competition between major nations played out by surrogates in smaller third world nations overlays international relations. This history goes back at least as far as the 18th century, most likely far further. European colonialism and imperialism created a large number of theaters as the major European powers sought to advance their economic interests. US-USSR competition in the 20th century through many administrations of both parties did not hesitate to provide military support to factions within various countries to achieve political advantage. The Bay of Pigs fiasco and support to Afghanistan insurgents in the 1980's immediately leap to mind. Contrast these with the Marshall Plan and the Peace Corps.

Herein lies an object lesson. Support to the Taliban and Al Qaida in the 1980's morphed into existential threats to Western civilization in the current decade. By this I mean that even if radical terrorist groups cannot destroy our governmental institutions, our response to their threat can so change our social fabric that we lose the very values we prize. Threats from groups we supported thirty years ago! The adage that 'the enemy of my enemy is my friend' is sometimes used to rationalize strange bedfellows. But they never were our friends; at most they were co-belligerents. Despite the ultimate collapse of the USSR political structure, the world does not appear to be a safer or better place.

The kingdom of God is not built this way. Apart from the futility of military effort and short-lived fruits of victory, what God seeks can only be achieved through His prescribed methods. Jesus was very direct: "Those who live by the sword shall perish by the sword."(Matthew 26:52) "Go ye into all the world and preach the Gospel." (Matthew 28:19) Jesus here (and elsewhere) articulated that His kingdom only comes into being through being built into peoples' lives. What does this mean?

The Gospel begins with the good news that Jesus died on the cross to save us from our sins. This includes both the penalty for and the power of our own, personally chosen and executed sins. God's purpose is integral to His action. He enters into an intimate, personal relationship with each believer infused with love. As this relationship develops, Jesus works in His beloved's life to free him or her from sin and bless them with all of the fruits that flow from the Holy Spirit. He also cares and provides for them in many practical ways, as He promised in Matthew 6:33. He also blesses the believer with the fellowship of kindred souls, giving the command that they wash each other’s feet. (John 13:14) This is a snapshot of the kingdom of God.

The loss of a Spiritual foundation for foreign policy presents a fundamental problem to the West. During the 19th century, the London Missionary Society sent missionaries all over the world. The foreign policy of the British Empire, despite being motivated by mercantilism, provided the infrastructure for this incredible enterprise. As just one example, slavery was abolished in the British Empire in 1833, well before the US civil war, based on explicitly Christian mores. Politically correct policy in our day dares not invoke any Christian, or even spiritual, foundation.

Effective long-term foreign policy strategy has yet to be articulated, by this or any recent administration. Ronald Reagan may have erred in supporting the Mujahadeen, but we have no basis for building into the lives and cultures of nations around the world values that would provide a foundation for freedom and democracy. We desperately need such a strategy. There will likely be a one or two generation lag in seeing fruit, but this is the only reasonable approach to long term international stability.

Book review: "Duplicity" by Newt Gingrich

Deceitful U.S. politicians vs. fanatic terrorists. For all the action and adventure, Newt Gingrich's Duplicity (written with Pete Earley) is really about politics, what happens behind closed doors at the highest levels of government. The title accurately sets the tone. It's not a pretty picture. This is not Allen Drury's Advise and Consent. It is impossible not to impute into the lives of terrorists and politicians in our daily news the thoughts, words, and motivations of the fictional characters of the book. The graphic brutality of terrorists and strongmen. The behind-the-scenes duplicity, excuse me, realpolitik [Merriam-Webster: politics based on practical and material factors rather than on theoretical or ethical objectives]. Deception, outright lies, manipulation, spin doctoring. The world's way.

What kind of world are we bequeathing our children and grandchildren? Earlier this year, I was privileged to serve some missionaries for a few days. Their devotion to serving the Lord, and their ministry to the downtrodden inspires awe. They build relationships with those oppressed by sin to bring them to Christ, so they can share in relationship with Him. The missionaries labor from a platform of simple living and trust in God. Neither comparison nor contrast between the world of Duplicity and the missionaries is possible, because they exist in different space-time continua.

What does the future hold? Where does Duplicity lead?

I have not yet read the sequel (Treason), but I doubt it is the ultimate outcome. The governments of mankind have run by politics since they first came into being. Even godly and wise rulers like David and Solomon were beset with crises rising from political intrigue. While we may wish otherwise, political duplicity portrayed in this novel will be our lot until the second coming, when Christ shall establish by His power alone the reign of those who serve Him with a whole heart. Then we will be free of self-serving political spin and brutal terror masquerading as divine righteousness.

In the meantime, how should we and our children and grandchildren live in a world permeated by the depravity of fallen man? The authors' answer seems to be that there is something valuable and worth fighting for in the core of our nation. Without citing The Light and the Glory (Marshall & Manuel, 1980) directly, they trace the "City on a Hill" concept through Ronald Reagan, and John Winthrop, to the Sermon on the Mount. This seems to fall short of the full counsel of God. The One enthroned in heaven laughs, the Lord scoffs at the raging nations. (Psalm 2:4) Our sovereign God, who  calls us, will call our children and grandchildren to the same opportunity, to serve Him in a fallen world, and take part in that great cloud of witnesses, to build His kingdom which is not of this world.

Was Machiavelli Wrong?

There is nothing more difficult to take in hand, more perilous to conduct, or more uncertain in its success, than to take the lead in the introduction of a new order of things.

Niccolo Machiavelli, The Prince, chapter 6.

Was this ever true? Since anyone can point out shortcomings of the current order, it seems far easier to persuade the public that a new initiative will make the world better.  The harder task is to continue existing activities, imperfect though they be.

The Washington Metro illustrates this. Since it started in 1969, it has since accumulated a deferred maintenance liability of billions of dollars. [Deferred maintenance is the practice of postponing maintenance activities such as repairs on both real property (i.e. infrastructure) and personal property (i.e. machinery) in order to save costs, meet budget funding levels, or realign available budget monies.]  Simultaneously, there is massive construction to extend the silver line, recently brought to Reston, as far as Dulles Airport and beyond it to Ashburn. The cost of this extension is estimated at $5.6 to $6.8 billion. The metro board is struggling to close the operating budget (approx. $1.7 billion in 2015) which doesn't support desperately needed O&M, so services are cut which further reduces revenue from ridership. On top of this come revelations about pencil-whipped inspections and other lapses in basic O&M practices. Metro's future is very much in the hands of its leadership. Perhaps this is not a death spiral, but it illustrates the comparative difficulty of continuing the existing regime vs. a new initiative.

Turning to the spiritual realm, it is sometimes easy to persuade people to turn to Christ. The gospel is good news! Jesus invites a change of allegiance that offers real benefits. The gospel is not about lifestyle improvement, but that God loves us and Jesus died to deliver us from our sins. However, He has constructed the world in such a way that leaving our sins to practice righteousness pays off tangibly.

The challenge is that after passing miraculously through the Red Sea to escape the Egyptian army (a type of baptism and escape from the power of sin), we have to march through the desert. God's purpose in this process is to get us to abandon the behaviors, attitudes, and practices that were ingrained into us when we were slaves to sin (Egypt). He calls and leads us to moderate and ultimately abandon all self-related attributes: self-centeredness, self-indulgence, self-righteousness, self-sufficiency, and self-will; these all have to go. Jesus is so serious about this that He will bring it to pass through His sovereign power. If we receive His pastoral care willingly, we experience far less pain and drama than if we force Him to drag us kicking and screaming across the goal line. Once we receive Christ, those are our only real alternatives. He will have His way.

There seem to be three phases to living and growing in Christ:

•      Childhood - learning the milk of the faith and experiencing God's grace. (Hebrews 5:13-6:2)

•      Adolescence - discipline and growth - learning hard lessons (Hebrews 12:4-11)

•      Maturity - forsaking all else for the sake of knowing Christ. (Phil 3:8-11)

If Machiavelli was speaking metaphorically about Jesus, the Prince of Peace, then he misunderstood how hard it is for us to stay the course in growth to Christian maturity. Alternatively, if he was writing about how hard it is for Christ to change us, to transform us into His likeness, he is dead-on. Perhaps the reason for this ambiguity is that in the Renaissance world continuity meant not changing, but in God's kingdom the essence of continuing the Christian walk is change - transformation - as God works in our life.

Why is this so important to God? In one of His letters to Wormwood (a low-level demon), C.S. Lewis has Screwtape (an overseeing demon) write that God wants to fill the universe with loathsome little replicas of Himself. That astute observation hints at God's purpose in our lives. He does not want robots or servile slaves, but free moral agents who voluntarily choose to take on His values, character attributes, and behavior. God's patience and perseverance in this matter is drawn from the infinite reservoir of His divine purpose: Ultimately, the life of the Trinity will be reproduced, for eternity, in the lives of those who receive Him.

Journalism, Demonstrations, and Discourse

Politicians and Journalists

The words of the wise heard in quietness are better than the shouting of a ruler among fools. Wisdom is better than weapons of war, but one sinner destroys much good. (Ecclesiastes 9:17-18, NASB)

Would Solomon more likely characterize journalists as "the wise" or "fools"? The President clearly thinks the latter, with considerable justification. He manipulates the media effortlessly.  For example, the day after his inauguration, he focused them on the petty matter of crowd size, and for two days the media would talk of nothing else. A lot was happening in the world, but anyone who could stomach turning on the news was subjected to an endless barrage of "experts" endlessly blithering about the obvious. Apparently the pundits couldn't get past it. I think the best description of that round is TKO by the President.

The President issued executive orders on immigration, just as he promised during the campaign. His supporters expected nothing less. Flash mobs at the airports are not expected to say anything wise, and venting emotions is unlikely to have any effect other than letting the flash mobbers feel good about themselves. They showed up. They held signs. They chanted. (Endorphin addiction in action.) No one of the mobs spoke to the issue raised by the President and his supporters. How can we tell, in a flood of immigrants claiming refugee status, which ones are ISIS plants seeking to enter, lie low, and eventually carry out acts of terror in the (unjustified) claim the of holy war.

The techniques for establishing credible fake credentials have been standard fare for centuries in the espionage community. The response to the events of September 11, 2001 was a very mechanical system designed to check the identity of airline passengers against watchlists, and prevent the introduction of dangerous items into the airplane. Neither that system nor any proposed system of vetting travelers and immigrants can know the heart of the subject. The best they can do is evaluate the actions and associates of a person. Similar personnel screening procedures for national security clearances still allow the occasional Eddie Snowden to sneak in. One sinner indeed destroys much good.

The real challenge is to develop a more effective means of countering the propaganda and recruitment by Islamic extremists of potentially sympathetic young men. Of the most notorious recent massacres - Orlando, Sacramento, Fort Hood - none of the shooters had a green card or a visa; all were born in this country to immigrant parents. If there is a strategy or plan on this front, it has not been publicly aired.

What of the plight of refugees? Isn't there the slightest bit of irony in worldwide uproar about the policies of the U.S.? "You've got to take them!" seems to be a demand or command from the politically correct around the world. This isn't speaking truth to power, but impudent and childish rebellion against authority, worthy of an adolescent. The refugees themselves offer pleas, but lack standing to plead their case.

In matters of faith, we often come to God with petitions for His intervention in our circumstances.  We also lack standing, apart from the invitation of Christ, to make our pleas to God. The essence of prayer is not some formula and certainly does not consist of making demands. Often cited is the framework that includes adoration (worship), confession, thanksgiving, and supplication (petition). At the core of petition seems to be a linkage of our circumstances to the glory of God. This linkage is unique in every circumstance because God is infinite variable and delights to reveal Himself and the glory of His holiness in the perfect response. Our challenge in prayer is to find that linkage through communion with the Holy Spirit, and then petition God for it.

This is the language of faith, utterly alien to political discourse. (I'm not really suggesting that demonstrators are engaging in political discourse, only feel-good venting.) But for refugees, there is a need for a process of dialogue, of petitioning the Powers That Be, of linking their circumstances to the values and principles of the U.S. We will never know their hearts in this life, but perhaps we can establish a common understanding.